move.l (A1),D7 : moves contents of address to data register
e.g. if A1 contained $1111, and the address $1111 contains 00001234 then after the operation 00001234 would be loaded in data register 7 (D7).
move.l D7,(A1) : moves number value of D7 into the location pointed to by A1.
- Address register indirect with post increment:
move.l D7,(A1)+ : moves the long in D7 to memory location in A1 then adds 4 to A1 (because the data item was a long). With other words after the move, it increments the address register by the size of the data
move.l (A0)+,(A1)+ : moves four bites from memory location in A0 to memory location in A1 then adds four to A0 and A1
- Address register indirect addressing with pre decrement:
move.b D0, -(A1) : decrement A1 by one (because it’s a byte) then move word in D0 to the address held in A1
(When bytes are moved onto the STACK then the stack pointer changes by 2 because words and longs have to be moved to even addresses)
- Address register indirect addressing with displacement:
move.w D0,4(A1) : move word in D0 to the memory location in A1+4.
e.g. if D0 consists of 01 and A1 contains $1000 then 01 will be moved to address $1004
move.l -2(A1),D0 : moves long at A1-2 to D0
(offset has to be a 16 bit word- max value=32768, min value -32767)
- Address register indirect addressing with index:
move.w 69(A1,D0.l),D1: moves data word from address A1+D0+69 to D1.
(displacement must fit in a byte, >-127, <128)
- Absolute short addressing:
move.w 69,D0 : moves word at ADDRESS 69 to D0
- Immediate mode addressing:
move.w #69,D0 : move NUMBER 69 into D0
- Absolute long addressing:
move.w D0,$69000 : moves word from D0 to address $69000
- Program counter addressing with displacement:
move.w 12(pc),D0 : move word 12 bytes from current location to D0
- Program counter addressing with index:
move.l 69(pc,D0.l),D1 : move data from 69+ current location + D0.l into D1
(displacement must fit into a byte)
- Status register addressing:
move.w #69,sr : move number 69 into status register
(to use status register a WORD needs to be moved)
move.b #0,ccr : move 0 to condition code register
Instructions
Arithmetic Instructions:
- ADD - Adds two operands. One operand must be a data register.
- ADDA - Adds an operand to an address register.
- ADDI - Adds a real number to an operand.
- ADDQ - Adds a number between zero and eight to an operand.
- ADDX - Allows adding of numbers of any length.
- SUB - Subtracts source operand from destination operand.
- SUBA - Subtracts the source operand from an address register.
- SUBI - Subtracts a real number from the destination operand.
- SUBQ - Subtracts a number between zero and eight from a destination operand.
- SUBX - Allows subtraction of numbers of any length- CLR - Clears an operand.
- MULS - Multiplies destination operand by source operand using signed arithmetic.
- MULU - Multiplies destination operand by source operand using unsigned arithmetic
- DIVS - Divides destination operand by source operand using signed arithmetic.
- DIVU - Divides destination operand by source operand using unsigned arithmetic.
- NEG - Negates a number.
- CMP - Compares two operands and sets condition code flags.
- CMPA - Compares an operand to an address register then sets the condition code flags.
- CMPI - Compares a real number to an operand then sets the condition flags.
- CMPM - Compares contents of two memory locations using post increment addressing mode.
- TAS - Test a byte and sets the high order bit.
- TST - Tests an operand - compares it to zero.
- EXT - Sign extend a byte or word to word or long respectively.
Program Control Instructions
BCC - branch if the carry bit is clear. (a zero)
BCS - branch if the carry bit is set. (a one)
BEQ - branch if equal.
BGE - Branch if greater than or equal.
BGT - Branch if greater than.
BHI - Branch if higher than. Used on unsigned numbers.
BLE - Branch if less than or equal.
BLS - Branch if lower than or the same. Used on unsigned numbers.
BLT - Branch if less than.
BMI - Branch if minus.
BNE - Branch if not equal.
BPL - Branch if plus.
BVC - Branch if the V bit is clear. (no overflow)
BVS - Branch if the V bit is set. (overflow)
BRA - Always branch.
- DBcc - Decrement then branch if condition is met.
- Scc - Set if condition is met.
- BSR - Branch to subroutine.
- JSR - Jump to subroutine.
- RTS - Return from subroutine.
- JMP - Jump to an absolute memory location.
- RTR - Restores the program counter and condition codes from the stack.
Logical Operation Instructions
- AND - Does AND operation with the operands.
- ANDI - Does AND operation with a real number and an operand.
- OR - Does OR operation with the operands.
- ORI - Does OR with a real number and an operand.
- EOR - Does Exclusive OR with two operands.
- EORI - Does Exclusive OR with operand and a real number.
- NOT - Inverts an operand.
Data Movement Instructions
- EXG - Exchange contents of two registers.
- LEA - Load Effective Address. Calculate a memory address and store it in an address register.
- LINK - Allocates a stack frame.
- MOVE - Move source operand into destination operand.
- MOVEM - Transfers multiple register to and from memory.
- MOVEP - Transfers data to and from an eight bit peripheral.
- MOVEQ - Loads a data register with a number in the range of +- 128.
- PEA - Same as LEA, but pushes the address onto the stack.
- SWAP - Swaps the words of a data register. The high word becomes the low and the low the high.
- UNLK - Unallocates a stack frame.
Shifting and Rotating Instructions
- ASL and ASR - Arithmetic shift left or right.
- LSL and LSR - Logical shift left or right.
- ROL and ROR - Rotate left or right.
- ROXL and ROXR - Rotate with the carry bit left or right.
Bit Manipulating Instructions
- BTST - tests a single bit.
- BSET - set a single bit.
- BCLR - clear a single bit.
- BCHG - change a single bit.
System Control instructions
- MOVE USP - Move an operand to user stack pointer.
- RESET - Reset external peripherals.
- RTE - Return from an exception.
- STOP - Stop processing until an exception occurs.
- TCHK - Check an operand against boundaries - used to prevent serious software errors.
- TRAP - 16 instructions that provide a method for user program to call a supervisor mode program.
